MOSI– OA – TUNYA NATIONAL PARK

Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park is one of Zambia’s most iconic protected areas, known primarily for hosting part of the world-famous Victoria Falls. The name “Mosi-oa-Tunya” means “The Smoke that Thunders” in the local Tonga language, referring to the roaring falls that send mist high into the sky. The park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a key attraction for both wildlife lovers and cultural tourists. Despite its small size, the park is rich in biodiversity, scenic beauty, and historical significance.

Location & Geography: Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park is located in southern Zambia, near the border town of Livingstone and directly adjacent to Zimbabwe. It covers approximately 66 square kilometers along the upper Zambezi River and is divided into two main sections: the Victoria Falls area and a wildlife section upstream. The Zambezi River, one of Africa’s largest rivers, forms the natural boundary between Zambia and Zimbabwe, with Victoria Falls shared by both countries.

The terrain in the park includes riverine forest, mopane woodland, open grassland, and rocky outcrops. This diversity of habitats supports a range of wildlife such as elephants, white rhinos, giraffes, zebras, antelopes, and various bird species. Though the park is not home to large predators like lions or leopards, it offers safe and accessible game viewing. The riverbanks also provide excellent opportunities for birdwatching and sunset boat cruises.

History: Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park was established in 1972 as part of Zambia’s efforts to conserve wildlife and promote tourism. The park was created to protect both the natural beauty of Victoria Falls and the surrounding ecosystems. Its name was chosen to reflect the deep cultural and spiritual significance the falls hold for local communities.

Historically, the area has been inhabited by the Tonga people for centuries. They believed the falls were sacred and associated them with spirits and ancestral powers. In the 19th century, European explorers, most notably David Livingstone in 1855, brought global attention to the falls, naming them “Victoria Falls” in honor of Queen Victoria. Over time, Mosi-oa-Tunya has become one of the most visited national parks in Zambia. The park’s designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1989 helped protect it from unsustainable development and highlighted its global importance. Today, it continues to offer a blend of natural wonders, wildlife encounters, and cultural heritage.

 

ATTRACTIONS IN MOSI OA TUNYA NATIONAL PARK

Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park in Zambia is a small but beautiful park full of natural wonders and cultural treasures. It is most famous for being home to part of the mighty Victoria Falls.

  1. Victoria Falls (The Smoke that Thunders)

The most famous attraction in the park is Victoria Falls. This giant waterfall is one of the biggest and most powerful in the world. The local name, “Mosi-oa-Tunya,” means “The Smoke that Thunders” because the falling water makes a loud noise and sends up a mist that looks like smoke. The falls are about 1.7 kilometres wide and drop over 100 meters into the Zambezi Gorge. Visitors can see the falls from different viewpoints along walking trails. There are bridges and platforms that let you get close to the edge and feel the mist on your face. During the rainy season, the falls are at their strongest, and the water flows in huge amounts. In the dry season, parts of the falls dry up, but the rocky cliffs and pools still look amazing.

  1. Zambezi River

The Zambezi River flows through the park and is another beautiful attraction. It is one of the longest rivers in Africa and creates the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. The river is wide and calm above the falls, making it perfect for relaxing by the water or watching the sunset. The river also supports many animals and birds. You can see hippos and crocodiles in the water or along the banks. The trees along the river give shade to many birds, monkeys, and insects. The river adds peace and beauty to the park and is an important part of the ecosystem.

  1. Wildlife Viewing Area

Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park has a section where visitors can see wildlife. This area is fenced and does not have big predators like lions, so it is safer for walking and driving. You can see animals such as:

  • Elephants – Large herds often move through the park.
  • White Rhinos – These are protected by armed guards.
  • Giraffes – Tall and gentle, feeding on tree leaves.
  • Zebras – Striped and social, usually seen in small groups.
  • Buffalos, Warthogs, and Antelopes – Common in open grasslands.

The wildlife area is small, but it offers a chance to see many animals up close in their natural habitat.

  1. Rainforest Near the Falls

The constant mist from Victoria Falls creates a small rainforest near the edge of the cliffs. This is one of the only rainforests in Zambia, and it is always green and wet, even during the dry season. The mist helps special plants grow here, including ferns, moss, wildflowers, and large trees. Walking through the rainforest feels cool and fresh. It is also home to birds, butterflies, and small animals. The sound of the waterfall is always in the background. This little forest is a unique and peaceful place that shows the power of water to shape the land.

  1. Livingstone Statue

A famous statue of David Livingstone stands at one of the viewpoints near Victoria Falls. David Livingstone was a Scottish explorer and missionary who visited the falls in 1855. He was the first European to see them and named them “Victoria Falls” after Queen Victoria of Britain. The statue honours his journey and his role in making the falls known to the world. It is a popular photo spot and also a reminder of the area’s colonial history.

  1. Cultural and Historical Sites

Inside the park, there are some sites that show the culture and history of the local people. You can find:

  • Old Settlement Ruins – These are remains of ancient villages and show how people once lived in this area.
  • Rock Art and Sacred Sites – Some rocks and caves have old drawings or are considered sacred by the Tonga people.

These sites connect the natural beauty of the park with the human history of the land. They help visitors understand that this area has been important for many generations.

  1. Birdlife and Scenic Landscapes

Mosi-oa-Tunya is also a good place for birdwatching. There are over 400 bird species in and around the park. You can spot colourful birds like bee-eaters, kingfishers, hornbills, and fish eagles. The park has a variety of landscapes: riverbanks, forests, savannahs, and hills. These landscapes create beautiful scenes for photography and peaceful places for walking and exploring.

 

ACTIVITIES IN MOSI OA TUNYA NATIONAL PARK

Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park in Zambia is a great place for visitors who enjoy nature, wildlife, and culture. It offers many fun and exciting activities that are safe and suitable for all types of travellers.

  1. Viewing Victoria Falls

One of the best things to do in Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park is to see Victoria Falls. The falls are huge and powerful, and they make a loud sound as the water crashes down. You can walk along paths and stand on special viewing points to look at the falls. The mist from the water sprays you, and it feels cool and refreshing, especially on hot days. Some parts of the path take you very close to the edge, so you can feel the power of the waterfall. There are signs to guide you and benches where you can rest. Seeing the falls is a magical experience and something you will never forget.

  1. Walking Safari

Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park is one of the few places in Zambia where you can go on a walking safari. A walking safari means you walk through the park with a trained guide and sometimes an armed scout. This is a safe way to see animals on foot and learn more about nature. You can see white rhinos, zebras, giraffes, and other animals up close. The guide will show you animal tracks, plants, and even explain how animals live in the wild. Since there are no lions or leopards in the park, walking safaris are not dangerous, but still very exciting. You must stay quiet and listen to the guide at all times.

  1. Game Drive (Safari by Car)

A game drive is a safari by car, and it’s a fun way to explore the wildlife section of the park. You sit in a 4×4 vehicle and drive slowly through the park, looking for animals. You might see elephants walking in groups, rhinos resting in the shade, or antelopes running through the grass. Some animals are easy to spot, and others are hidden in the bushes. The driver usually knows where animals like to stay, so you have a good chance of seeing many species. A game drive is perfect for people who want to take pictures, learn about animals, or just enjoy the peaceful beauty of the wild.

  1. Bird Watching

If you like birds, Mosi-oa-Tunya is a great place for bird watching. There are over 400 different kinds of birds in and around the park. Some birds are very colourful, like the lilac-breasted roller and bee-eaters. Others are large and powerful, like fish eagles and vultures. You can watch birds from the riverside, in the trees, or near the falls. Early morning and late afternoon are the best times to see birds, as they are most active during these times. Bring a pair of binoculars and a bird guidebook if you want to spot and name more species. Bird watching is a peaceful and interesting activity for all ages.

  1. Sunset Cruise on the Zambezi River

A sunset cruise on the Zambezi River is a calm and beautiful way to end the day. You board a boat in the afternoon and gently float down the river as the sun begins to set. Along the way, you may see hippos, crocodiles, elephants, and many birds along the riverbank. The sky turns orange and pink, and the reflection on the water is stunning. Most cruises offer drinks and snacks on board, so you can relax while enjoying the view. A sunset cruise is perfect for couples, families, and anyone who wants to enjoy nature in a peaceful way.

  1. Visiting the Livingstone Museum

While the museum is located in the town of Livingstone just outside the park, it is closely connected to the history of the area. The Livingstone Museum is the oldest and largest museum in Zambia. It has displays about the life of Dr. David Livingstone, the Scottish explorer who was the first European to see Victoria Falls. You can learn about his travels, see old letters and tools he used, and understand the impact he had on the region. The museum also has exhibits on Zambian culture, history, and wildlife. It is a good place to visit before or after exploring the park to better understand what you have seen.

  1. Cultural Village Visit

Another great activity is visiting a local cultural village near the park. These visits allow you to meet local people and learn about their traditional way of life. You can see how they build houses, cook food, make crafts, and celebrate special events. Some villages offer performances of traditional music and dance, which are fun to watch and full of energy. Visitors are welcome to ask questions and even try some of the local food. These visits help support the community and are a great way to learn about the culture of Zambia in a respectful and enjoyable way.

  1. Photography

Mosi-oa-Tunya is a great place for photography. Whether you like taking pictures of animals, waterfalls, birds, or landscapes, there is always something beautiful to capture. Early morning and late afternoon give the best light for photos. The mist at the falls often creates rainbows, which look amazing in pictures. You can also take close-up photos of plants, insects, and colourful birds. If you’re lucky, you might even get a great shot of a rhino or elephant. Make sure to bring a good camera and protect it from the mist near the waterfall. Photography is a relaxing activity that helps you remember your trip forever.

  1. Rhino Tracking

One of the most special activities in Mosi-oa-Tunya is rhino tracking. The park has a small group of white rhinos that are protected by rangers 24/7. With a guide and a scout, you can walk through the bush to find the rhinos and watch them from a safe distance. The guide explains how to stay quiet and move slowly so the rhinos are not disturbed. This is a rare chance to see these huge animals on foot and learn about the work done to protect them. Rhino tracking is both exciting and meaningful, as it helps raise awareness about wildlife conservation.

  1. Exploring the Rainforest

Right next to Victoria Falls is a small rainforest that stays green all year because of the mist from the waterfall. Walking through this forest feels like stepping into a different world. The trees are tall, and the air is cool and wet. You can see special plants like ferns, mosses, and orchids. Birds sing from the trees, and butterflies fly through the air. The forest is full of life and sounds, and it’s a quiet place to enjoy nature. Paths and signs help you explore safely. The rainforest is small but full of wonder, and it is a special part of the park.

 

BEST TIME TO VISIT MOSI-OA-TUNYA NATIONAL PARK

Dry season, which lasts from May to October, is the best time to visit Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park if you want to see more animals easily. During these months, the weather is cooler and there is little rain, so animals gather near the Zambezi River and waterholes. This makes wildlife viewing, game drives, and walking safaris more exciting because animals are easier to spot. Also, the falls are still impressive, although the water flow is a bit lower than in the rainy season, allowing you to see the rocky cliffs and take clear photos.

Rainy season, from November to April, is when the park becomes very green and lush because of heavy rains. The falls are at their fullest and most powerful during this time, creating huge clouds of mist that can be seen from far away. This season is perfect if you want to experience the full force and beauty of Victoria Falls. Although some wildlife may be harder to see because animals spread out with more water and food available, the park is quieter and less crowded, which some visitors prefer for a peaceful and fresh nature experience.

 

WHERE TO STAY IN MOSI-OA-TUNYA NATIONAL PARK

  • The Royal Livingstone Hotel – A luxury hotel just outside the park, offering stunning views of Victoria Falls and elegant rooms.
  • Avani Victoria Falls Resort – A comfortable resort close to the falls with good facilities and beautiful gardens.
  • Stanley Safari Lodge – A peaceful lodge inside the park, perfect for nature lovers who want a quiet stay near the wildlife.
  • Mosi-oa-Tunya Campsite – A basic but well-maintained campsite inside the park for budget travelers who want to camp close to nature.
  • Lukosi Safari Lodge – A cozy lodge near the park offering guided safaris and comfortable accommodation.
  • Wild Horizons Camp – A small, friendly camp offering tents and easy access to Victoria Falls and the park activities.

 

HOW TO ACCESS MOSI-OA-TUNYA NATIONAL PARK

By Road: You can reach Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park easily by road from the town of Livingstone, which is about 10 kilometres away. The roads leading to the park are mostly paved and in good condition, making the drive smooth and comfortable. If you are coming from Zambia’s capital, Lusaka, it takes about 6 to 7 hours by car on the main highway. Visitors can also drive from nearby countries like Zimbabwe through the Victoria Falls Bridge. Many travellers use rental cars, taxis, or organized tours to get to the park by road.

By Air: The closest airport to Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park is Harry Mwanga Nkumbula International Airport, also called Livingstone Airport, which is about 15 minutes’ drive from the park entrance. This airport connects to major cities in Zambia and nearby countries like South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Botswana. From the airport, visitors can take a taxi, shuttle, or arrange a transfer with their lodge or hotel to reach the park quickly and easily. Flying is the fastest way to get close to the park, especially if you are traveling from far away.